Quercus agrifolia

KWER-kus ag-rih-FOH-lee-uh

Size: Medium-sized evergreen tree, growing 20 to 70 feet tall, with a wide-spreading canopy up to 70 feet in diameter.
Leaves: Thick, leathery, dark green leaves with spiny edges and a slightly cupped shape. The undersides are pale and hairy.
Bark: Dark gray to black, deeply ridged and furrowed, giving a rugged appearance.
Acorns: Oval, shiny brown acorns that mature in one year, often half-enclosed by a warty cap.

Native to coastal California, thriving in woodlands, canyons, and hillsides.
Found at elevations up to 5,000 feet, often in well-drained soils, including clay and sandy loam.
Commonly grows in Mediterranean climates with wet winters and dry summers.

Wildlife Habitat: Supports over 300 species, including birds, mammals, and insects. Acorns provide food for woodpeckers, squirrels, and deer.
Ecosystem Stability: Protects against soil erosion and promotes water infiltration with its deep roots.
Carbon Sequestration: Plays a significant role in capturing and storing carbon in California’s landscapes.

Sunlight: Thrives in full sun to partial shade.
Soil: Adaptable to various soil types but prefers well-drained soils.
Water: Requires minimal water once established, making it drought-tolerant.
Temperature: Hardy in USDA zones 9–11, tolerates mild frosts but thrives in Mediterranean climates.

Fire Resistance: Coast live oaks have thick bark and a unique ability to resprout from the base after fire damage, making them resilient in fire-prone areas.
Cultural Importance: Indigenous peoples of California used acorns from the coast live oak as a staple food source, processing them into flour.
Longevity: These trees can live for over 250 years, becoming landmarks in their native landscapes.
Hollywood Connection: Coast live oaks were protected in the early development of Hollywood, inspiring conservation efforts.
Biodiversity Hotspot: The tree supports diverse fungi and lichens, some of which are not found anywhere else.

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