Description:
Ilex cornuta, or Chinese Holly, is an attractive and versatile evergreen shrub or small tree known for its distinctive spiny leaves and bright red berries. While it offers significant ornamental value and wildlife benefits, its potential to become invasive in some areas necessitates careful management and monitoring.
Typically grows 2-5 meters (6-16 feet) tall, though it can reach up to 7-8 meters (23-26 feet) under ideal conditions. Thick, glossy, dark green, and leathery with a distinctive rectangular shape and sharply pointed “horned” lobes. Each leaf typically has 3-5 sharp spines. Bright red berries, each containing four seeds, which mature in the fall and often persist into winter, providing winter interest and wildlife food.
Distribution/Location:
Native to eastern China and Korea. Widely cultivated in temperate regions around the world, particularly in the southeastern United States, for its ornamental value. It is popular in gardens, parks, and landscapes for its dense, spiny foliage and attractive berries. Thrives in well-drained soils, both acidic and alkaline, and is tolerant of a variety of soil types. Prefers full sun to partial shade.
Environmental Concerns:
While the berries are a food source for birds and small mammals, the spread of Chinese holly can negatively impact local ecosystems by altering habitat structure and reducing biodiversity.
Generally resistant to pests and diseases, which contributes to its hardiness and ability to spread. However, in some cases, it can be susceptible to leaf spot, powdery mildew, and scale insects.
Other Information:
Known for its larger leaves with fewer spines and prolific berry production. A dwarf cultivar with a more compact growth habit and rounded leaves with a single spine.
Chinese holly is relatively low-maintenance once established. It requires minimal pruning, primarily to maintain desired shape and size, and occasional watering during dry periods.
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