Eriophorum vaginatum

Common Names:

• Tussock Cotton-grass
• Hare’s-tail Cotton-grass

Phonetic Spelling:

air-ee-oh-FOR-um vaj-ih-NAY-tum

Description:

Eriophorum vaginatum is a perennial herbaceous plant that forms dense clumps, or tussocks, typically growing 30 to 70 centimeters (12 to 28 inches) tall. It is recognized for its distinctive white, fluffy, cotton-like flower heads. The leaves are narrow, grass-like, and grow primarily from the base of the plant. They are dark green and have a rough texture. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, but the plant is notable for its silky white bristles that form fluffy seed heads, giving it a cotton-like appearance. The flowering period is from late spring to early summer. The fruits are tiny achenes (small, dry, one-seeded fruits) surrounded by long, white, silky hairs that aid in wind dispersal.

Distribution/Location:

Distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and Asia. It is commonly found in the Arctic and subarctic regions, as well as in alpine areas.

Thrives in wetlands, including bogs, fens, and wet meadows. It prefers acidic, peaty soils and is often found in areas with poor drainage and high moisture levels.

Environmental Concerns:

Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats where Eriophorum vaginatum is found, particularly in regions where wetlands are threatened by drainage, development, and climate change.

Additional Notes:

Tussock Cotton-grass plays a vital role in wetland ecosystems by stabilizing soil and reducing erosion. It provides habitat and food for various wildlife, including birds, insects, and small mammals. Its dense tussocks can influence water flow and nutrient cycling in wetlands.

While not commonly used by humans for food or materials, the fluffy seed heads of Eriophorum vaginatum have been used traditionally for stuffing pillows and other items. In some cultures, it has been used as a source of tinder for starting fires.