Picea sitchensis

Common Names:

Sitka Spruce

Phonetic Spelling:

PIE-see-uh sit-CHEN-sis

Description:

Picea sitchensis is a large evergreen coniferous tree that can grow up to 50 to 70 meters (165 to 230 feet) tall, with some individuals reaching up to 100 meters (330 feet). The trunk diameter can be 1 to 2.5 meters (3 to 8 feet). The tree has a narrow, conical crown and thin, scaly bark. The leaves are needle-like, 15 to 25 millimeters (0.6 to 1 inch) long, sharp, stiff, and bluish-green on the upper side with two white bands on the underside. They are arranged spirally around the shoots. Sitka Spruce is monoecious, with both male and female cones on the same tree. Male cones are small, red to yellow, and produce pollen. Female cones are larger, greenish to purple when immature.

Distribution/Location:

Native to the west coast of North America, from Alaska to northern California. It is primarily found along the coastal regions where the climate is cool and moist.

Environmental Concerns:

Picea sitchensis is not considered endangered or threatened. It is common within its native range, though habitat loss and logging can impact local populations.

Additional Notes:

Sitka Spruce is an important component of coastal forest ecosystems, providing habitat and food for various wildlife species, including birds and mammals. Its dense canopy helps maintain the humid microclimate needed for many understory plants. The wood of Sitka Spruce is highly valued for its strength-to-weight ratio and is widely used in the construction of aircraft, musical instruments, and boat building. It is also used for general construction, plywood, and paper production.